An integrated systems-level model of the toxicity of brevetoxin based on high-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) metabolic profiling of zebrafish embryos
نویسندگان
چکیده
Brevetoxins (PbTx) are a well-recognized group of neurotoxins associated with harmful algal blooms, and specifically recurrent “Florida Red Tides,” in marine waters that linked to impacts on both human ecosystem health including well-documented “fish kills” mammal mortalities affected coastal waters. Understanding mechanisms pathways PbTx toxicity enables identification relevant biomarkers better understand these environmental impacts, improve monitoring efforts, relation this toxin. Toward systems-level understanding toxicity, potential biomarkers, high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) was utilized for metabolic profiling zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, as an established toxicological model, exposed PbTx-2 (the most common congener waters). Metabolomics studies were, furthermore, complemented by assessment the embryonic stages mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), latter representing ecologically geographically species fish, which identified acute embryotoxicity at environmentally (i.e., parts-per-billion) concentrations species. HRMAS NMR analysis intact embryos sub-lethal afforded well-resolved spectra, turn, 38 metabolites 28 were found be significantly altered, relative controls. Metabolites altered exposure included those (1) neuronal excitotoxicity, well neural homeostasis, (2) interrelated carbohydrate energy metabolism. studies, thereby, enabled model integrated multiple metabolic, molecular cellular pathways, toxin, providing insight not only targets mechanisms, but pertinent risk strategies.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science of The Total Environment
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0048-9697', '1879-1026']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149858